Username or Surname, Initial s. Keith 'usb wireless adapter for Ubuntu McNaught, A. Available email: digitalaccessibilityregulations jiscmail. For an in—text citation in your work, you would cite the reference as follows:. It is now possible to face up to 7 years imprisonment for supplying psychoactive substances Psychoactive Substances Act The Psychoactive Substances Act introduced the ban on Title of Act including year and chapter number.
Psychoactive Substances Act , c. In the in-text citation, the date does not need to be stated separately in round brackets as it already appears in the title of the Act. Most Acts will be available to access online and you can either reference the web page or the PDF, whichever one you viewed it as.
The principles of the Teaching Excellence Framework were introduced as a way In a report on the knowledge economy Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills has stated that Challenges facing the NHS Department of Health, The Department of Health suggests that demand reduction Government Department at the time of publication Year Title Paper number. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills Fulfilling our potential: teaching excellence, social mobility and student choice Cm London: HMSO.
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills Success as a knowledge economy: teaching excellence, social mobility and student choice Cm Department of Health Government response to the House of Commons Health Select Committee report into the impact of the spending review on health and social care Cm The numbering of Command Papers is done by running numbers with a prefix which changes as the number gets close to 10, The prefixes are listed below:.
The Department of Health statistics show Governmental Department Year 'Title of Dataset'. Number of dataset if necessary. Department of Health 'DoLS monthly summary statistics'. Quarter 2, to raw data. Jonathan Ashworth MP questioned how the care system would be integrated The need for a sustainable social care plan Ashworth, Clive Betts MP mentions the mixture of funding for social care Questioning the future of funding Betts, Ashworth, J.
Betts, C. If you are citing one column use c. If you are citing more than one column, use cc. More than 30 fully funded Marshall Scholarships were awarded during the academic year House of Commons, a awarded scholarships Affordable housing remains on the agenda for the current government House of Lords, looked at the provision of affordable housing If the provision of the regulation is broken House of Lords, found that maximum penalties could be The deficits within the NHS House of Commons, b found that the deficit within the NHS House of Commons or House of Lords.
London: National Audit Office. London: By the authority of the House of Commons. London: By the authority of the House of Lords. The Digital Economy Bill has attracted controversy Increased measures for child safety have been included in amendments to the Crime and Policing Bill Title Year of publication.
Parliament: House of Commons or House of Lords. Bill no. Digital Economy Bill Parliament: House of Commons. London: The Stationery Office. Energy Bill Explanatory Notes Parliament: House of Lords. Policing and Crime Bill Amendments The Police Amendment No. Conflicts of interest for Police Officers should be reported to their senior The ongoing decommissioning of nuclear plants in scheduled The funding of care must be provided by either NHS or the local authority Department of Health, The Department of Health found that funding Government Department or Office at time of publication, if available Year Title.
Series if applicable. London: Department of Health. London: Office for Nuclear Regulation. Parliamentary Debates see Government Publication — Hansard.
The photograph by Nicholls captures preparations in London The photograph by Prince captures The image of a cowboy riding a horse Prince, Dewynters produced the iconic poster for the production of 'Cats' The art deco style portrait by Tanqueray was used to publicise The photograph of Ethel Edith Mannin Tanqueray, Year Title [Item type]. Exhibited at Place, Holding institution, department if available , identifier or reference number if available.
Dimensions if relevant and available. Nicholls, H. Prince, R. Tanqueray, P. NPG x The photograph of Red Fort Bourne, no date shows the documentation of India Alinari, F. Bourne, E. Exhibited at London, Victoria and Albert Museum, The photograph of a broken window by Lynch no date shows the reflection The shard of glass in the photograph Lynch, no date shows the reflection The rabbit paintings in the photograph by McNulty The photograph shows paintings and imagery of rabbits in an apartment McNulty, The painting by Kashiki shows a person who is in the middle of a creative process The creative process of creating art is visualised in the painting Kashiki, which shows Year if different from image Title of book.
Page number. Kashiki, T. Between heaven and hell in contemporary Japanese art. New York: Japan Society Inc. Lynch, D. McNulty, A. Illegal living: 80 Wooster Street and the evolution of SoHo. Vilnius: Joseph Meko Foundation. If there is no clear title to the image, a popular title may be used if one exists. If a popular title to the image does not exist then you will need to supply the image with a title, in square brackets, providing the following where possible The subject matter.
Applied Biosystems, Applied Biosystems manufacture The Boots decongestant tablet Boots Pharmaceuticals, Boots Pharmaceuticals recommend that their decongestant The patient information leaflet for Doxycycline recommends Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd indicate that Doxycycline Corporate Author or Author Surname, Initial s.
Year Title of Information Sheet. Publication Number. Foster City, C. Boots Pharmaceuticals Decongestant tablet Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd Patient information leaflet: Doxycycline 50mg capsules. Ashford: Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Boots Pharmaceuticals Decongestant tablets Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Ashby identified Zappa's style The melodies in Zappa's work Ashby, Ashby, A. Lichtenthaler demonstrated an innovation—based view Complex relationships that appear in companies Lichtenthaler, Year 'Title of Article'.
To be published in Title of journal if stated , Volume Issue [Preprint]. Lichtenthaler, U. To be published in Management Decision , 54 1 [Preprint]. In some fields, such as medicine and physics, an article may have hundreds of authors and it would be impractical to list each one. You would reference an article with four or more authors as follows:. Abbott et al. The first observation of a binary black hole merger included First or lead author of article Surname, Initial s.
Abbott, B. Aubert, B. Citing informal or unpublished materials, such as handouts, lecture recordings and lecture notes is not generally recommended.
Instead you should look to cite a primary source such as a textbook or journal article which describes or summarises the idea you are referring to. You may wish to ask your lecturer for recommended reading.
Guidance from Cite Them Right, 10th rev. In order to locate some of the information required for referencing you may need to look at the following locations:. In his letter, Ellis no date mentions The correspondence with John Holmes Ellis, no date. Year Title of Manuscript, Date if available.
Name of Collection and Reference number. Location of Archive or Repository. Ellis, H. Single Manuscript Collection, MS 24 Special Collections and Archives, University of Sheffield. The area covered by the map Ordnance Survey, The Information Commons Google Maps, is near The library can be seen using Google Maps Name of creator or creator Surname, Initial s. Year Title of map, Sheet number, Map scale, Edition if needed. Southampton: Ordnance Survey. Landranger Series.
Year 'Title of map' Format if available , Scale if available. Google Maps 'Information Commons, Sheffield'. Ordnance Survey 'Castleton, Derbyshire', The controversy caused by the album by The Prodigy The Beatles produced the self-titled album Recorded by Queens of the Stone Age Edition if needed.
Place of Publication: Record Label. Limited Edition UK Version. Santa Monica: Interscope Records. If the item is widely known by, or was originally issued under, a title different from that of the item, the alternative title may also be provided in brackets if necessary, e. The Beatles [The White Album]. The Prodigy recorded the song The song 'Breathe' The Prodigy, demonstrated Lennon and McCartney wrote the Beatles song The Runaways song 'Cherry Bomb' appears on the compilation album The song 'Cherry Bomb' The Runaways, is used in the film London: XL-Recordings.
Hollywood: Marvel Music. Pink Floyd's Animals album Animals Pink Floyd, shows political statements Name of Artist Year Title of Album. Metallica Hardwired Pink Floyd Animals. Pink Floyd's song 'Sheep' describes the political The song 'Sheep' Pink Floyd, is a view on political followers Metallica's song 'Moth into Flame' Metallica 'Moth into Flame', Hardwired Pink Floyd 'Sheep', Animals. The Downloaded: date in the reference is the date that you downloaded the music onto your device.
Wagner's score shows Tristan and Isolde Wagner, represents Composer Surname, Initial s. Date Title of score. Notes on version including librettists, editors, translators if applicable. Edition if applicable. Bowie, D. London: Wise Publications. Busoni, F. Edited by Reiner Weber. Edition Breikopf Nr. Wagner, R.
Sample highlights the research which has taken place The research was reported in the national news Sample, Year 'Title of Article', Title of newspaper. Date Day, Month. Page range. Sample, I. Available at: URL or doi: Accessed: date. If you have accessed an article via a password-protected institutional database, e.
Nexis, you do not need to iclude the database details in the reference as it may not be accessible to everyone. Give enough detail in the reference for the reader to be able to find the article, e.
Hollis and Tan's helical gradient coil The helical gradient coil demonstrates Hollis and Tan, Carter and Lawless show the gimbaled The gimbaled-shoulder design Carter and Lawless, Inventor s Surname, Initial s. Year patent granted Title of patent. Authorising organisation Patent number. Carter, R. Gimbaled-shoulder friction stir welding tool. Hollis, T. Helical gradient coil for magnetic resonance imaging apparatus.
If using a patent retrieved from Espacenet you will need to ensure you use the correct patent code as they are not all European Patents. A European patent will have a code that begins with EP. This includes any personal communication you have had either physically or online, e. In the conversation with Smith It was decided that the information would be included Smith, You may need permission from anyone involved in the communication before using them in your work.
For Photograph see Image — Original e. Shakespeare displays the tragedy Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare, uses Shakespeare shows the use of The Taming of the Shrew Shakespeare, Author of play Surname, Initial s. Year of Publication Title of play. Edited by Full Name.
Shakespeare, W. Edited by G. Blakemore Evans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Barbara Hodgson. London: Methuen Drama. Author of play surname, Initial s. Year of publication 'Title of play', in Editor s Surname s , Initial s.
William Shakespeare Complete Works. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Many ebooks look the same as a printed book in terms of pagination, publisher details, etc. Cite and reference plays in an electronic format as you would for plays in print books unless you have downloaded it onto an ereader and the pagination is not available:. The date that you downloaded it onto your electronic device is included at the end of the reference.
Shakespeare explores the theme of jealousy Othello Shakespeare, uses Downloaded: 30 April When directly quoting from a play, you should use Act. Scene:Line e.
Shakespeare , 2. The Year of publication is the year that the item you are referencing was published, rather than the year the play was written. Bragg discusses the deciphering of hieroglyphics The role of Champollion Bragg, Thompson discusses the history The use of blackface in Shakespeare Thompson, The Centre for the History of the Emotions investigates The concept of what is normal Centre for the History of the Emotions, Bragg, M.
Thompson, A. Reference where the podcast was published or displayed rather than referencing it as a download on your edevice. Grant demonstrates the issues The artwork expresses the Grant, Sciamanna, Bazela, and Bullingham presented the work surrounding The case study within the presentation focused on Sciamanna, Bazela, and Bullingham, Surname of presenter, Initial s.
Year of presentation 'Title of presentation' [Medium, e. PowerPoint presentation]. Name of event. Grant, V. Accessed: 22 May Sciamanna, C. Northern Collaboration Conference World at One provided the update on The new head judge World at One , Desert Island Discs: Bernardine Evaristo played the song The discussion with the Booker Prize-winning author Desert Island Discs: Bernardine Evaristo , Recall of the Rock shares the oral history of women climbers Helen Mort's poem is interwoven with interviews Recall of the Rock, Williams and Williams created the design for the Interst—Elephant Giacometti's sculpture The Bust of Diego Giacommetti, represents Keegan's sculpture shows the use of raku—fired earthenware The sculpture Newby the Dog Keegan, The sculpture of Neptune and Triton by Bernini no date shows the use of The marble sculpture of Neptune and Triton Bernini, no date Surname of artist, initial s.
Year Title [Sculpture]. Place, Gallery or Name of collection, department if available , identifier or reference number if available. Bernini, G. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, A. Keegan, S. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, C. Surname of Artist, Initial s. Giacometti, A. London, Tate Gallery, T Williams, J. Herd of Sheffield Collection.
Uni of Sheffield Library celebrated the opening of the University of Sheffield Library marked the first library opening at the university The first library at the University opened in University of Sheffield Library, Name of Creator Surname, Initial s.
University of Sheffield Library On this day, in , the first library opened at the University of Sheffield [Facebook] 26 April. The British Standards Institution have produced updated guidelines London: British Standards Publications. When citing a table or figure from another source that you have referred to but not inserted into your work, include the page number of the table or figure in the in-text citation, e. Author Surname, Year, page number. The Time Circle Cottrell, , p.
Planning time management using Cottrell's Time Circle , p. Where you have inserted a table or figure from a book or journal into your own work, add a label underneath it which includes a table or figure number, the title of the table or figure from the source, and the citation details. Figure 1. Time circle Cottrell, , p. Table 3. Values for approximate zeros of Bessel functions Liu and Spiegel, , p.
You can use the label to refer to the table or figure within the text of your assignment, for example:. Figure 1 gives a template for Table 3 lists the first few positive roots Format the reference according to the print source where you got the table or figure from e.
Book , Journal Article , etc. For example, for items taken from books:. Author Surname, Initial s Year Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Page reference, illus. Cottrell, S. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, p. Liu, J. New York: McGraw-Hill, p. When citing a table or figure from another source that you have referred to but not inserted into your work, e. For sources without page numbers, e. Where you have inserted a table or figure from an online source into your own work, add a label underneath it which includes a table or figure number, the title of the table or figure from the source, and the citation details.
Format the reference according to the online source where you got the table or figure from e. Web page , online Journal Article , etc. For example, for an item taken from a web page:.
Label each table or figure you insert numerically in the order in which they appear in your text, e. Table 1 followed by Table 2, Figure 1 followed by Figure 2, and so on. Do not use the figure or table number from the original source.
If you have altered any of the details within a table or figure, you must make this clear in your in-text citation label by stating "Amended from", e. Amended from Cottrell, , p. You don't need to provide a reference for any tables or figures that you have created yourself but you should state within the in-text citation label that it is your own personal source, e.
Table 1. Survey results Personal source. Some online journal articles group multiple figures together as one downloadable image. Wilson notes that whilst Rage Against the Machine signed with a major record label, their music still holds the intended meaning to the audience Popular music is still relevant to society when it makes a political statement even though the artist may be signed to a major record label Wilson, PhD thesis.
Tomlinson found that differing amounts of grip Moisture can affect grip when examining Tomlinson, Tomlinson, S. Tolstoy explores the story of Anna Karenina Tolstoy, tells the story of Homer presents the tale The Odyssey Homer, demonstrates Dostoyevsky shows the dilemmas The character of Raskolnikov Dostoyevsky, Date of publication Title of item.
Translated from the language by Translator s Initial s and Surname. Homer The Odyssey. Translated by R. Introduction and notes by B. New York: Penguin. Tolstoy, L. Translated from the Russian by L. Maude and A. Cite and reference books in an electronic format as you would for books in print books unless you have downloaded it onto an ereader and the pagination is not available:.
Date of publication. Title of item. Translated from the language by Translators full name. Dostoyevsky, F. Translated from the Russian by David McDuff. Downloaded 30 April Anna Karenina.
Translated from the Russian by Constance Garnett. The year of publication is for that specific item, as there may be different translations of the same item available. You may not need to add the language the item is translated from, but include the language if appropriate. For Transliteration of items see Citing and referencing foreign language materials in the section Creating a citation and reference list.
Hall noted that the changes Hall, Place of holding organisation: Holding organisation. Hall, D. Sheffield: University of Sheffield. Black Swan used imagery to represent The hidden images contained in the film Black Swan , Surname [Film].
Place of distribution: Distribution Company. Russo and J. Russo [Film]. New York: Marvel Entertainment. Surname [DVD] or [Blu-ray]. Black Swan Directed by D. Aronofsky [Blu-ray]. Los Angeles: Fox Searchlight Pictures. The detectives Bulk and McNulty revisit an old crime scene The episode uses visions to reveal the events In 'The Door' we see the visualisation of Portrait of a Lady on Fire is set in 18th century France An unofficial segregation policy is uncovered in Small Axe: Education The use of mirrors in Atlantics Title of Film Year of distribution Directed by Initial s.
Available at: Name of service Accessed: date. Atlantics Directed by M. Available at: Netflix Accessed: 25 May Portrait of a Lady on Fire Directed by C. Small Axe: Education Directed by S. Available at: Box of Broadcasts Accessed: 25 May The Year Britain Stopped chronicles Frontline workers and scientists tell their stories The Year Britain Stopped , Available at: Name of Streaming Service Accessed: date.
Available at: All 4 Accessed: 27 May The monster makes a first appearance In the episode 'Cooper's Dream' the stage is set for Production Company. Available at: Name of streaming service.
Accessed: date. Propaganda Films. Available at: Netflix Accessed 29 December YouTube Movies have Doctor Strange YouTube Movies, shows the The University of Sheffield have created Campus Tour The University of Sheffield, takes a tour of the campus In Cities are driving climate change.
Here's how they can fix it Hsu, , she observes the disparities Hsu, A. Here's how they can fix it. The University of Sheffield Campus Tour. YouTube Movies Doctor Strange. If you are not citing specific information or a specific page from a website you do not need to create an in-text citation or a reference for it.
When mentioning a website within your text, provide the name of the website followed by the URL in parentheses, e. Reference list vs. Bibliography In the Harvard style, references are listed at the end of your work, and are organised alphabetically by the surname of the author.
Referencing in the Harvard style is a two—part process: Citation in the text : this is the brief indication of the source within the text of your work immediately following the use of the source whether quoted or summarised. Reference list : a complete list of all the cited references used in your work with full bibliographic details, to allow the reader to follow up these references and find the original text.
Creating a citation and reference list Creating a citation. Tips on citing where page numbers are not present If a citation does not have page numbers then you should use the number of the paragraph if available , e. Tips for citing If the author s name appears in the text as part of the body of the assignment, then the year will follow in round brackets, e. According to Smith If the author s name does not appear in the body of the text, then the name and date should follow in round brackets separated by a comma, e.
The terminology has been called into question when it was discovered If you are quoting or paraphrasing someone else's work you will need to include the page number s of the original material in your citation see the sections on Quoting and Paraphrasing. The abbreviations ibid. If more than one of your citations has the same author and year of publication, then you should distinguish between them by using a lower—case letter following the year, e.
It was discovered that Smith, a , this was supported by Smith, b. Some authors have the same surname and works published in the same year, if this is the case use their initial to distinguish between them, e.
When looking at the average income it was found that Williams, A. However, it was also discovered that In some instances you may need to cite more than one piece of work for an idea. If this occurs, you should separate the references with a semicolon and cite them in chronological order, e. This point has been shown by numerous authors Jones, ; Smith, When citing in-text, include the name of up to three authors.
If there are four or more authors for the work you are citing then use the name of the first author followed by " et al. This was shown to be the case when Taylor et al. Or, the study shows Taylor et al. For items where the author is a corporation, cite the name of the corporation in full, e.
Birdwatching in the woods Woodland Trust, , unless their abbreviation is well—known, e. The governance of the network BBC, If a work is designated as Anonymous or there is no author, use the title in italics in place of the Author, e. OED online , If no date can be found then you would state that there is no date, e. The ancient text indicated the use of Wells, no date. Quoting Quoting is including a section of a source in your own work using exactly the same words as those used by the original author.
Omitting material from quotations If you are omitting materials from an original source, use three dots [ This does not need to be done at the beginning or end of a sentence. Reference List Wilson, B. Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is putting someone else's ideas into your own words. The next is an example of an acceptable paraphrase as the meaning of the original has been restated in the author's own words: As Gladwell , p.
Reference List Booth, W. Summarising Summarising means briefly stating the main ideas or arguments of a complete information source or a substantial portion of an information source. Secondary Referencing. Secondary referencing This is when you reference one author who is referring to the work of another and the primary source is not available refer to the primary source where it is available.
Creating a reference list. General tips for creating a list are: If you have distinguished between authors with the same name and year of publication in your citation, you should use the same letter in your reference list to distinguish them, e. Smith, b will be Smith, S. A reference with one author will appear before a reference with two or more authors if the first author has the same last name, e.
Smith, S. Thacker, S. Upload a paper to check for plagiarism against billions of sources and get advanced writing suggestions for clarity and style. Get Started. Certain features require a modern browser to function. Please use a different browser, like Firefox , Chrome , or Safari. How useful was this post?
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